The fluorescence signal excited by the 405nm excitation light has small fluctuations and is unrelated to or opposite to the changes in the observed calcium-sensitive signal. The dual-color fiber recording system adds a 405nm fluorescence channel based on the single-color (GFP) system, and can simultaneously record the green fluorescence of the calcium signal and the 405nm excited fluorescence of the reference channel through the same optical fiber. When the reference channel uses 405nm excitation light, the signal of this channel can be used as control data to exclude motion noise (including the rotation noise of the fiber slip ring) and verify the data validity of the calcium signal channel. This system can also detect the fluorescence changes of new genetically encodable probes such as acetylcholine and dopamine, which can monitor the dynamic changes of the concentration of acetylcholine, dopamine, etc. in real-time.